Apart from macro- and other micronutrients, vitamins exert a key role in insect development, i.e., being co-factors in important biochemical pathways and contributing to defensive reactions (e.g., serving as antioxidants). Similarly, minerals are known to be involved in various metabolic processes and have multiple functions (e.g., role in muscle function and energy use, insect immunological responses, etc.). Working Group 4 will explore and describe the symptoms associated with vitamin and mineral deficiencies and develop recommendations about the minimum requirements of vitamins and minerals for edible insect species considered in this Action. As with WG2 and WG3, WG4 will contribute knowledge to WG1 and WG5 in terms of digestibility and experimental protocols.